Are natural resources bad for health?

The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine whether economic dependence on various natural resources is associated with lower investment in health, after controlling for countries׳ geographical and historical fixed effects, corruption, autocratic regimes, income levels, and initial health status. Employing panel data for 118 countries for the period 1990–2008, we find no compelling evidence in support of a negative effect of resources on healthcare spending and outcomes. On the contrary, higher dependence on agricultural exports is associated with higher healthcare spending, higher life expectancy, and lower diabetes rates. Similarly, healthcare spending increases with higher mineral intensity. Finally, more hydrocarbon resource rents are associated with less diabetes and obesity rates. There is however evidence that public health provision relative to the size of the economy declines with greater hydrocarbon resource-intensity; the magnitude of this effect is less severe in non-democratic countries.     

企业员工职业成功与主观幸福感的关系

目的:了解企业员工职业成功及其各个维度与主观幸福感的关系。方法:利用《幸福感指数量表》的中文修订版,以及由徐娜编制的《中国职工职业生涯成功问卷》,对835名企业员工进行调查。结果:主观幸福感与职业成功及其各维度之间均存在显著正相关(P<0.001),其中,价值实现、经济成功和社会关系3个维度与幸福感的相关程度最高,并对幸福感具有显著的正向预测作用。此外,主观职业成功(F=25.738,P<0.001)和客观职业成功(F=50.082,P<0.001)分别对幸福感有显著影响。结论:企业员工的幸福感水平与职业成功息息相关。     

中药资源化学研究与资源循环利用途径及目标任务

中药资源化学研究目的是促进中药及天然药物资源的有效生产、合理利用和产业的提质增效。中医药事业的发展有赖于中药资源的高效利用和可持续发展,有赖于药用生物资源可利用物质、潜在利用价值的发现技术和手段,有赖于中药资源类群中资源性化学成分的多途径、多层次、精细化利用和产业链的有效延伸,从而实现其循环利用的资源化学研究和资源产业健康发展的目的。该文基于中药资源化学的研究思路,将围绕5个方面对中药资源化学与中药资源循环利用途径及目标任务进行论述:立足于资源稀缺性原则,寻找发现或人工生产可替代性资源,保护珍稀濒危物种及自然资源;立足于资源多宜性原则,通过系统性和精细化开发利用,实现资源价值增值和价值补偿,提升资源利用效率;立足于资源节约和环境友好原则,减少资源消耗,促进循环利用,降低资源成本,提升资源利用效益;基于化害为利的资源化策略,研究揭示外来入侵生物资源的药用及多途径利用价值并加以有效利用,转化和丰富我国药物资源体系;基于化学成分结构修饰策略,发掘和提升中药资源性化学物质的利用价值和潜在利用价值。以期为提升中药资源利用效率,推进中药资源循环经济产业发展,从根本上转变中药农业和中药工业的经济增长方式提供参考和借鉴。     

特色蒙药资源保护与开发利用现状及发展战略简析

蒙药资源是蒙医事业发展的源头和保证,特色蒙药资源是蒙药资源中更具地域性、优质、具有鲜明民族用药特色的蒙药资源,在蒙医药领域有着不可替代的重要地位。然而近年来,由于生态环境破坏、需求量激增等原因,许多特色蒙药资源处于濒危状态,对其保护与开发利用仍存在诸多问题,必须予以足够的重视。该文从特色蒙药资源种类、保护与开发利用现状等方面进行探讨,并在此基础上对特色蒙药资源保护与开发利用今后的发展战略进行了简析,旨在为蒙医药事业快速健康发展提供一点借鉴。     

甘肃省康乐县药用植物资源初探

目的:进一步摸清甘肃省康乐县野生药用植物资源及其分布规律,分析药用植物多样性的特征,为该县中草药资源的开发利用和保护提供科学依据。方法:通过野外考察、标本采集、鉴定与资料考证相结合的方法对甘肃省康乐县药用植物资源多样性进行研究。结果:康乐县现有野生药用植物65科258种,以菊科和蔷薇科为主,其中国家级重点药用品种24科39属43种。该地野生药用植物的药用部位主要为全草类和根或根茎类,分别占40.31%和25.19%,药性主要以清热药和祛风湿药为主,分别占28.68%和12.79%。现有栽培药用植物12种,栽培面积达3 000公顷。结论:康乐县药用植物资源虽然丰富,但是多数品种蕴藏量不大,而且近年中草药资源也在逐渐减少,所以应在保护的前提下加快研究进度,进行合理开发利用。     

The prioritisation of paediatrics and palliative care in cancer control plans in Africa

Background:

Given the burden of childhood cancer and palliative care need in Africa, this paper investigated the paediatric and palliative care elements in cancer control plans.

Methods:

We conducted a comparative content analysis of accessible national cancer control plans in Africa, using a health systems perspective attentive to context, development, scope, and monitoring/evaluation. Burden estimates were derived from World Bank, World Health Organisation, and Worldwide Palliative Care Alliance.

Results:

Eighteen national plans and one Africa-wide plan (10 English, 9 French) were accessible, representing 9 low-, 4 lower-middle-, and 5 upper-middle-income settings. Ten plans discussed cancer control in the context of noncommunicable diseases. Paediatric cancer was mentioned in 7 national plans, representing 5127 children, or 13% of the estimated continental burden for children aged 0–14 years. Palliative care needs were recognised in 11 national plans, representing 157 490 children, or 24% of the estimated Africa-wide burden for children aged 0–14 years; four plans specified paediatric palliative needs. Palliative care was itemised in four budgets. Sample indicators and equity measures were identified, including those highlighting contextual needs for treatment access and completion.

Conclusions:

Recognising explicit strategies and funding for paediatric and palliative services may guide prioritised cancer control efforts in resource-limited settings.     

An unintended consequence of provider payment reform: The case of capitation grants in the National Health Insurance reform of Indonesia

One of the most important components of the ambitious 2014 National Health Insurance reform in Indonesia is the implementation of prospective payment system known as capitation grants, paid monthly to the primary health providers based on the enrolment rate. This has ushered in additional financial resources for the health managers in resource allocations, especially in the hiring of manpower. Drawing data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (1993‐2015), this paper uses difference‐in‐differences method to evaluate the effects of the payment method reform on the allocation of human resources for health among the primary health providers. To our surprise, there was no statistically significant change in the total number of full‐time staff among the capitated facilities after the reform. However, capitation grants caused an increase in the number of full‐time equivalent and part‐time equivalent contract staff, but a significant decline in the number of full‐time permanent staff among the urban capitated facilities. It is likely that more contract health workers were hired at the expense of full‐time permanent staff among the capitated facilities in the urban regions. This unintended consequence shed light on the need to develop nuanced and contextual understanding of payment reforms in developing countries.     

军队医院开展学科化服务的内容及实践

简要介绍军队医院开展学科化服务的内涵,对相关调查表进行设计,提出围绕军队医院临床医疗、教学、科研及重大课题开展学科化服务的具体内容,结合中国人民解放军空军总医院实践阐述开展学科化服务的具体做法及今后的发展方向。     

Effects of decentralisation and health system reform on health workforce and quality‐of‐care in Indonesia, 1993–2007

The impact of decentralisation, socioeconomic changes and healthcare reforms in Indonesia on type and distribution of healthcare providers and quality‐of‐care has been unclear. We examined workforce trends for healthcare facilities from 1993 to 2007 using the Indonesian Family Life Surveys. Each included a sample of public and private healthcare facilities, used standardised interviews for numbers and composition of staffing, and quality‐of‐care vignettes. There was an increase in multiprovider facilities and shift in profile of solo providers—increasing proportions of midwives and drop in doctors in rural areas (including facilities with doctors) and nurses in urban areas. Quality‐of‐care scores were low, particularly for nurses as solo providers. Despite increased numbers of healthcare workers and growth of the private sector, outer Java‐Bali and rural areas continued to be disadvantaged in workforce capacity and quality‐of‐care. The results have implications for accreditation and in‐service training requirements, the legal status of nurses and private sector regulation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于语义网和SOA的医学图书馆信息服务模型设计

提出了基于语义网关联数据和本体技术的用户检索方式的转变及基于本体的学科馆员信息服务模型。该模型利用SOA技术为基于语义网的信息服务提供了开放的应用接口,通过建立基于关联数据技术的驱动引擎和知识库,使资源之间具有了语义上的可扩展的关联关系,并搭建了学科馆员平台、医学领域专家平台、学科专业用户平台,学科馆员在医学领域专家的协助下,应用本体模型为医学专业用户提供语义层面的智能化检索服务。